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  | A TO Z trial = Randomized diet comparison study; weight-loss diets research trial
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  | American Journal of Physiology = Peer-reviewed physiology journal; biomedical research journal
  | amyloid-β = Peptide implicated in Alzheimer’s disease; neurodegenerative pathology marker
+ | apoB = Acronym for apolipoprotein B; lipid risk marker
  | apolipoprotein B = Protein on LDL particles; cardiovascular risk marker
- | apoB = Acronym for apolipoprotein B; lipid risk marker
  | Apple Books = Apple’s ebook and audiobook platform; digital bookstore
  | atherosclerosis = Plaque buildup in arteries; cardiovascular disease process
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  | Boston University’s Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine = Medical school of Boston University; academic health center
  | British Journal of Sports Medicine = Sports medicine journal; exercise science publication
+ | C-reactive protein = Inflammation biomarker in blood; cardiovascular risk indicator
- | CALERIE trial = Calorie restriction randomized trial; metabolic health study
  | CAC = Coronary artery calcium score; CT-based plaque measure
+ | CALERIE trial = Calorie restriction randomized trial; metabolic health study
  | CDC–Kaiser ACE Study = Adverse childhood experiences study; public health research collaboration
  | Centenarian Decathlon = Longevity training metaphor; late-life functional goals framework
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  | compression of morbidity = Hypothesis that illness is compressed into later life; aging theory
  | coronary artery calcium = Calcified coronary plaque measure; cardiovascular risk marker
- | C-reactive protein = Inflammation biomarker in blood; cardiovascular risk indicator
  | CT = Computed tomography imaging; X-ray based scan
  | Early Medical = Preventive care medical practice; Peter Attia’s clinic
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  | Finnish FINGER trial = Finnish multidomain lifestyle trial; cognitive health prevention study
  | FIT = Fecal immunochemical test; colorectal cancer screening assay
+ | Four Horsemen = Attia’s term for four chronic killers: heart disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, type 2 diabetes
  | Framingham Heart Study = Long-running cardiovascular cohort study; risk factor discovery
  | Generation 100 = Norwegian older-adult exercise study; randomized training trial
  | glymphatic flow = Brain waste-clearance fluid movement; sleep-associated cleaning process
  | glymphatic system = Brain waste-clearance network; glia-driven perivascular pathways
+ | Harmony = Penguin Random House imprint; nonfiction and health book publisher
  | Harvard Law School = American law school; Harvard University faculty
  | Harvard Law School’s Petrie-Flom Center = Health law and bioethics research center
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  | Healthspan = Years lived in good health; functional lifespan concept
  | HOMA = Homeostasis model assessment; insulin resistance index
+ | hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp = Gold-standard method to measure insulin sensitivity; controlled insulin infusion with maintained glucose
- | International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance = Sports science journal; training and performance research
  | insulin resistance = Reduced tissue response to insulin; metabolic dysfunction
+ | International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance = Sports science journal; training and performance research
  | JAMA = American medical journal; peer-reviewed clinical research
  | JAMA Network Open = Open-access medical journal; clinical research publication
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  | PCSK9 inhibitors = LDL-lowering monoclonal antibody drugs; cholesterol therapy
  | Penguin Random House = Global book publisher; trade imprints
+ | Peter Attia = Physician and author; longevity and preventive medicine advocate
+ | PLCO = U.S. cancer screening trial; prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancers mortality outcomes
  | PLOS Medicine = Open-access medical journal; public health and medicine
  | PNAS = Scientific journal; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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  | The New Yorker = American magazine; long-form journalism
  | The Wall Street Journal = American newspaper; business and finance coverage
+ | Tom Perls = American geriatrician; co-director of the New England Centenarian Study
+ | U.S. National Cancer Institute = U.S. government cancer research agency; NIH institute
  | UK Biobank = Large UK health cohort; genetic and imaging data
+ | University of Rochester = Private research university in New York; biomedical research and education
  | University of São Paulo = Public university in Brazil; research institution
  | University of Wisconsin–Madison = Public research university in Wisconsin; medical research
- | U.S. National Cancer Institute = U.S. government cancer research agency; NIH institute
  | VO₂max = Maximal oxygen uptake; aerobic fitness measure
  | Washington Post = American newspaper; national daily