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Accounting is not merely compliance or “dry and boring” paperwork; it is the language through which economic reality is translated into decisions, incentives, and valuation—from the discipline of double-entry bookkeeping and the non-negotiable logic that debits must equal credits, to the practical demand that leaders “know the numbers—cold.” The voices assembled here treat accounting as an information system that aggregates facts for decision-making, a measurement regime that predictably shapes behavior, and the starting point—though only a crude approximation—for business valuation and the idea of capital itself. They also underscore that financial information must be communicated not only to investors and lenders but to employees, and that competence in quantitative thinking supports judgment in the ambiguous, qualitative terrain where real financial choices are made. Above all, these quotes confront the stakes of integrity: transparency can reveal volatility rather than create it, but when accounting is bent toward appearance, gimmickry, or “creative” fraud, public trust in corporate records is jeopardized—and with it, confidence in markets and institutions.
== Accounting as the language of business ==
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| text = TheDouble-entry wordbookkeeping… accountingis comesone fromof the wordfinest accountability.inventions Ifof youthe arehuman goingmind, toand beevery rich,prudent youmaster needof toa behouse accountableshould forintroduce yourit money.into his economy.<ref>{{cite web |title=AccountsSecond PayableLuca Quotes: Advice, Sayings, and Accounting Knowledge from thePacioli ExpertsLecture |url=https://www.netsuiteecb.comeuropa.eu/portalpress/resourcekey/articlesdate/accounting2007/accounts-payable-quoteshtml/sp071114.shtmlen.html |website=NetSuiteEuropean Central Bank |publisher=OracleEuropean Corp.Central Bank |date=2020-11-20 |author=Bridget McCrea2007 |access-date=2025-12-2630}}</ref>
| author = Robert{{Johann Kiyosaki,Wolfgang author of ''Rich Dad Poor Dad'' {{Robertvon KiyosakiGoethe/attribution}}
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| text = IAccounting haveis nothe usepreparation forand bodyguards,generation butof Iinformation haveand verythe specificaggregation useof that forinformation twoin highlya trainedway certifiedthat’s publicuseful accountants.in decision-making.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elvis,Learning Taxes,to andUse theFinancial CPAAccounting Dilemma:Numbers Why Your Bodyguard Should Be an AccountantStrategically |url=https://wwwglobalyouth.jsmorluwharton.comupenn.edu/ceo-cornerarticles/elvisbusiness/learning-to-use-financial-accounting-taxnumbers-cpastrategically/ |authorwebsite=JohnWharton S.Global MorluYouth IIProgram |datepublisher=2025-12-01Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania |websitedate=JS Morlu Blog2014 |access-date=2025-12-2630}}</ref>
| author = Elvis Presley, American singer and actor {{ElvisCatherine PresleySchrand/attribution}}
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| image = warren-buffett.jpg
| {{Quote
| text = If you’re interested in business, I definitely think you ought to learn all the accounting you can by the time you’re in your early 20s. Accounting is the language of business.<ref>{{cite web |title=1998 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting Transcript |url=https://www.cnbc.com/1998/05/04/berkshire-hathaway-annual-meeting-1998.html |website=CNBC Buffett Archive |publisher=CNBC |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
| text = You have to understand accounting and you have to understand the nuances of accounting. It’s the language of business and it’s an imperfect language, but unless you are willing to put in the effort to learn accounting – how to read and interpret financial statements – you really shouldn’t select stocks yourself. <ref>{{cite book |last=Buffett |first=Mary |title=Warren Buffett and the Interpretation of Financial Statements: The Search for the Company with a Durable Competitive Advantage |publisher=Scribner |date=2008}}</ref>
| author = Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway {{Warren Buffett/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = People are accustomed to thinking of accounting as dry and boring, a necessary evil used primarily to prepare financial reports and survive audits, but that is because accounting is something that has become taken for granted.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ries |first=Eric |title=The Startup Way |publisher=Crown |date=2017}}</ref> ▼
| text = Creativity is great but not in accounting. <ref>{{cite web |title=Rule 34: Be a brown rat if you want to succeed |url=https://www.davidsonwp.com/blog/2016/03/rule-34-be-a-brown-rat-if-you-want-to-succeed |website=Davidson WP |publisher=Davidson WP |access-date=2025-12-31 |date=March 2016 |author=Andrew Davidson}}</ref> ▼
| author = Charles Scott, American businessman and former CEO of Intermark and Fuqua Industries {{CharlesEric ScottRies/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = NeverI callhave anno accountantuse afor creditbodyguards, tobut hisI profession;have avery goodspecific accountantuse isfor atwo debithighly totrained hiscertified profession.public accountants.<ref>{{cite web |title=GetElvis, toTaxes, Knowand Conductor.the WeCPA ThinkDilemma: You’llWhy LikeYour (andBodyguard Trust)Should It.Be an Accountant |url=https://harmonatewww.jsmorlu.com/getceo-tocorner/elvis-knowtax-conductor-we-think-youll-like-and-trust-itcpa/ |author=John S. Morlu II |date=20212025-0412-2301 |website=HarmonateJS Morlu Blog |access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>
| author = Charles Lyell, Scottish geologist {{CharlesElvis LyellPresley/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = “WeWe think a lot about how to communicate financial information to our investors and lenders… We should think more about how we communicate it to our employees so that they understand it. ”<ref>{{cite web |title=Employees Care About Organization Finances—but Do They Understand Them? |url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/employees-care-about-organization-finances-do-they-understand-them |website=Stanford Graduate School of Business |publisher=Stanford University |date=2020 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref> ▼
| text = Capital isn’t this pile of money sitting somewhere; it’s an accounting construct. <ref>{{cite news |title=Why Warren Buffett Is Hiding $61 Billion in Plain Sight |url=https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/07/20/according-to-warren-buffett-accounting-numbers-are.aspx |work=The Motley Fool |date=2014-07-20 |author=John Maxfield |access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>
| author = Bethany McLean, American journalist {{BethanyEd McLeandeHaan/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = “ToTo be good at your business, you have to know the numbers—cold. ”<ref>{{cite book |author=Donald E. Kieso; Jerry J. Weygandt; Paul D. Kimmel |title=Financial Accounting |publisher=Wiley |edition=6th |date=2005 |pages=Preface |isbn=9780471749557}}</ref> ▼
| text = “Proper accounting is like engineering. You need a margin of safety. Thank God we don’t design bridges and airplanes the way we do accounting.”<ref>{{cite web |title=Chatting With Charlie: The Mark Twain of Finance |url=https://law.stanford.edu/stanford-lawyer/articles/chatting-with-charlie-the-mark-twain-of-finance/ |website=Stanford Lawyer |publisher=Stanford Law School |date=2003 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref> ▼
| author = Charlie Munger, vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway {{CharlieHarold MungerGeneen/attribution}}
}}
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| text = “It’sIt’s wild that we are not teaching all of our middle schoolers and high schoolers how to manage household finance, understanding things like credit and interest and risk… You need to go in recognizing the house always wins on average… We must learn to speak the language of business. ”<ref>{{cite web |title=Financial Literacy Starts Young |url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/financial-literacy-starts-young |website=Stanford Graduate School of Business |publisher=Stanford University |date=2021 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref> ▼
| text = Life is like accounting, everything must be balanced. <ref>no primary source; widely attributed to Gail Godwin on quotes sites</ref> ▼
| author = Gail Godwin {{GailEd GodwindeHaan/attribution}}
}}
}}
| image = charlie-munger.jpg
| {{Quote
| text = “ObviouslyObviously, you have to know accounting. It’s the language of practical business life. It was a very useful thing to deliver to civilization… double-entry bookkeeping was a hell of an invention… although accounting is the starting place, it’s only a crude approximation.”<ref>{{cite web |title=A Lesson on Elementary, Worldly Wisdom |url=https://ritholtz.com/2014/09/charles-mungers-speech-at-usc-business-school-1994/ |website=The Big Picture |publisher=Ritholtz Wealth Management |date=1994 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
| author = Charlie Munger, vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway {{Charlie Munger/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = “TheThe books cannot be closed unless the debits equal the credits; when the debit and credit have been separately summed, the two sums shall be equal. ”<ref>{{cite book |author=Luca Pacioli |title=Paciolo on Accounting |translator=W. W. Cooper and Yuji Ijiri |publisher=Richard D. Irwin |date=1963 |pages=175 |oclc=221005624}}</ref> ▼
| text = “Creative accounting is an absolute curse to a civilization. One could argue that double-entry bookkeeping was one of history’s great advances. Using accounting for fraud and folly is a disgrace. In a democracy, it often takes a scandal to trigger reform. Enron was the most obvious example of a business culture gone wrong in a long, long time.” <ref>{{cite web |title=68 Inspirational Quotes on Accounting |url=https://graciousquotes.com/accounting/ |access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref> ▼
| author = Charlie Munger, vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway {{CharlieLuca MungerPacioli/attribution}}
}}
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| text = “Managers and investors must recognize that accounting numbers are the beginning, not the end, of business valuation.”<ref>{{cite web |title=Berkshire Hathaway Inc. 1982 Annual Shareholder Letter |url=https://www.berkshirehathaway.com/letters/1982.html |website=BerkshireHathaway.com |publisher=Berkshire Hathaway |date=1983 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref> ▼
| author = Warren Buffett, investor and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway {{Warren Buffett/attribution}}
}}
}}
== Measurement, incentives, and valuation ==
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| text = Companies run by engineers don’t make money, but companies run by accountants don’t make anything at all. <ref>{{cite web |title=Accounts Payable Quotes: Advice, Sayings, and Accounting Knowledge from the Experts |url=https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/accounting/accounts-payable-quotes.shtml |website=NetSuite |publisher=Oracle Corp. |date=2020-11-20 |author=Bridget McCrea |access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>
| author = Peter Krueger {{Peter Krueger/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = “InThe insurance,word asaccounting elsewhere,comes from the reactionword ofaccountability. weakIf managementsyou are going to weakbe operationsrich, isyou oftenneed weakto accountingbe accountable for your money.”<ref>{{cite web |title=BerkshireAccounts HathawayPayable Inc.Quotes: 1982Advice, AnnualSayings, Shareholderand Accounting Knowledge from the LetterExperts |url=https://www.berkshirehathawaynetsuite.com/lettersportal/1982resource/articles/accounting/accounts-payable-quotes.htmlshtml |website=BerkshireHathaway.comNetSuite |publisher=BerkshireOracle HathawayCorp. |date=19832020-11-20 |author=Bridget McCrea |access-date=2025-12-3026}}</ref>
| author = Warren Buffett, investor and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway {{WarrenRobert BuffettKiyosaki/attribution}}
}}
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| text = “TellTell me how you will measure me, and I will tell you how I behave. If you measure me in an illogical way… do not complain about illogical behavior. ”<ref>{{cite book |author=Eliyahu M. Goldratt |title=The Haystack Syndrome: Sifting Information Out of the Data Ocean |publisher=North River Press |date=1990 |pages=Chapter 8 |isbn=9780884270885}}</ref> ▼
| text = “Accounting does not make corporate earnings or balance sheets more volatile. Accounting just increases the transparency of volatility in earnings.”<ref>{{cite news |title=The End of Mark-to-Market Accounting? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2008/09/the-end-of-mark-to-market-accounting/8790/ |work=The Atlantic |author=Megan McArdle |date=2008-09-30 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
| author = Diane Garnick, investment strategist at Invesco {{DianeEliyahu GarnickGoldratt/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = ToCapital beisn’t successful,this youpile shouldof concentratemoney on the world ofsitting companies,somewhere; notit’s arcanean accounting mathematicsconstruct. <ref>{{cite webnews |title=TheWhy world’sWarren bestBuffett investorsIs offerHiding a$61 secret on how to outperform the marketBillion in thePlain long-runSight |url=https://www.valens-researchfool.com/investor-essentials-dailyinvesting/general/2014/upld07/20/according-uplandto-softwarewarren-worldsbuffett-bestaccounting-investorsnumbers-offer-secret-outperform-market-long-run/are.aspx |websitework=ValensThe Motley ResearchFool |date=20212014-1007-2620 |author=John Maxfield |access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>
| author = Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway {{WarrenBethany BuffettMcLean/attribution}}
}}
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| image = warren-buffett.jpg
| {{Quote
| text = InManagers theand longinvestors run,must managementrecognize stressingthat accounting appearancenumbers overare economicthe substancebeginning, usuallynot achievesthe littleend, of either.business valuation.<ref>{{cite web |title=68Berkshire InspirationalHathaway QuotesInc. on1982 AccountingAnnual Shareholder Letter |url=https://graciousquoteswww.berkshirehathaway.com/accountingletters/1982.html |website=BerkshireHathaway.com |publisher=Berkshire Hathaway |date=1983 |access-date=2025-12-2630}}</ref>
| author = Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway {{Warren Buffett/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = ItCompanies soundsrun extraordinary,by butengineers it’sdon’t amake factmoney, thatbut balancecompanies sheetsrun canby accountants don’t make fascinatinganything reading.at all.<ref>{{cite web |title=10Accounts FunnyPayable Quotes: Advice, Sayings, and InspirationalAccounting QuotesKnowledge forfrom Accountantsthe Experts |url=https://www.btpartnersnetsuite.com/technology-blogsportal/10resource/articles/accounting/accounts-funny-and-inspirationalpayable-quotes-for-accountants.shtml |website=BTNetSuite Partners|publisher=Oracle Corp. |date=2020-0511-0520 |author=Bridget McCrea |access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>
| author = Mary Archer, British scientist {{MaryPeter ArcherKrueger/attribution}}
}}
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| text = PeopleYou don’thave payto attention.understand Andaccounting thenand oneyou dayhave there’sto anunderstand the nuances of accounting. AndIt’s afterthe thatlanguage of business and it’s an imperfect language, nothingbut unless you are willing to put isin the sameeffort to learn accounting – how to read and interpret financial statements – you really shouldn’t select stocks yourself.<ref>{{cite book |last=McCarthyBuffett |first=CormacMary |title=NoWarren CountryBuffett and the Interpretation of Financial Statements: The Search for Oldthe MenCompany with a Durable Competitive Advantage |publisher=Alfred A. KnopfScribner |date=20052008}}</ref>
| author = Cormac McCarthy, American novelist {{CormacWarren McCarthyBuffett/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = “CarlCarl Braun did not know how to read a profit-and-loss statement or a balance sheet to save his life. He would say, ‘Our standard accounting method is asinine. We’re building oil refineries, for God’s sake. Accounting costs for all our corrosion costs as if they were an ordinary cost like office supplies. That’s crazy. We must integrate corrosion costs right into the balance sheet. ’”’<ref>{{cite web |title=A Lesson on Elementary, Worldly Wisdom |url=https://ritholtz.com/2014/09/charles-mungers-speech-at-usc-business-school-1994/ |website=The Big Picture |publisher=Ritholtz Wealth Management |date=1994 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref> ▼
| text = It has been my experience that competency in mathematics, both in numerical manipulation and in understanding its conceptual foundations, enhances a person’s ability to handle the more ambiguous and qualitative relationships that dominate our day-to-day financial decision-making.<ref>{{cite web |title=Financial education |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2003/20030403/default.htm |website=Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System |publisher=Federal Reserve |date=2003-04-03 |author=Alan Greenspan |access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>
| author = Alan Greenspan, former Chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve {{AlanCharlie GreenspanMunger/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = To be successful, you should concentrate on the world of companies, not arcane accounting mathematics.<ref>{{cite web |title=The world’s best investors offer a secret on how to outperform the market in the long-run |url=https://www.valens-research.com/investor-essentials-daily/upld-upland-software-worlds-best-investors-offer-secret-outperform-market-long-run/ |website=Valens Research |date=2021-10-26 |access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>
▲ | text = People are accustomed to thinking of accounting as dry and boring, a necessary evil used primarily to prepare financial reports and survive audits, but that is because accounting is something that has become taken for granted.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ries |first=Eric |title=The Startup Way |publisher=Crown |date=2017}}</ref>
| author = Eric Ries, Author {{EricWarren RiesBuffett/attribution}}
}}
}}
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== Risk, volatility, and managerial judgment ==
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| image = barack-obama.jpg ▼
| {{Quote
| text = I thought I could start over, you see. But now I know you can never start over. Not really. You think you have control, but you are like a fly in somebody else's web. Sometimes I think that's why I like accounting. All day, you are only dealing with numbers. You add them, multiply them, and if you are careful, you will always have a solution. There's a sequence there. An order. With numbers, you can have control. <ref>{{cite book |last=Obama |first=Barack |title=Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance |publisher=Times Books |date=1995}}</ref> ▼
| author = Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States {{Barack Obama/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = Managers thinking about accounting issues should never forget one of Abraham Lincoln's favorite riddles: How many legsAccounting does anot dogmake have,corporate ifearnings youor callbalance asheets tailmore avolatile. leg?Accounting Thejust answer:increases Four,the becausetransparency callingof avolatility tailin a leg doesn't make it a legearnings. <ref>{{cite webnews |title=WarrenThe BuffettEnd Says This 1 Simple Habit Is the Keyof Mark-to-Market Success. Here Are 19 Times He Did It in PublicAccounting? |url=https://www.inctheatlantic.com/bill-murphy-jrbusiness/warrenarchive/2008/09/the-buffettend-saysof-this-1-simple-habit-is-keymark-to-successmarket-here-are-19-times-he-did-it-in-public.htmlaccounting/8790/ |work=The Atlantic |author=BillMegan Murphy Jr.McArdle |date=20202008-0209-14 |website=Inc.30 |access-date=2025-12-2630}}</ref>
| author = Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway {{WarrenDiane BuffettGarnick/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = IProper wouldaccounting is like engineering. argueYou thatneed a majoritymargin of thesafety. horrorsThank God we facedon’t woulddesign notbridges haveand happened ifairplanes the accountingway professionwe developed and enforced betterdo accounting. <ref>{{cite newsweb |title=MungerChatting onWith theCharlie: 'Asininities'The ofMark Today'sTwain Regulators and Businessof LeadersFinance |url=https://wwwlaw.theatlanticstanford.comedu/business/archive/2009stanford-lawyer/05articles/mungerchatting-onwith-charlie-the-asininitiesmark-twain-of-todays-regulators-and-business-leaders/17894finance/ |workwebsite=TheStanford AtlanticLawyer |datepublisher=2009-05-20Stanford Law School |authordate=J.J. Gould2003 |access-date=2025-12-2630}}</ref>
| author = Charlie Munger, vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway {{Charlie Munger/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| {{Quote
| text = “IfIt you’rehas interestedbeen my experience that competency in businessmathematics, Iboth definitelyin thinknumerical youmanipulation oughtand toin learnunderstanding allits theconceptual accountingfoundations, youenhances cana byperson’s theability timeto you’rehandle inthe yourmore earlyambiguous 20s.and Accountingqualitative isrelationships thethat languagedominate ofour businessday-to-day financial decision-making.”<ref>{{cite web |title=1998Financial Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting Transcripteducation |url=https://www.cnbcfederalreserve.comgov/1998boarddocs/05speeches/042003/berkshire-hathaway-annual-meeting-199820030403/default.htmlhtm |website=CNBCBoard Buffettof ArchiveGovernors of the Federal Reserve System |publisher=CNBCFederal Reserve |date=2003-04-03 |author=Alan Greenspan |access-date=2025-12-3026}}</ref>
| author = Warren Buffett, investor and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway {{WarrenAlan BuffettGreenspan/attribution}}
}}
}}
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▲ | text = I thought I could start over, you see. But now I know you can never start over. Not really. You think you have control, but you are like a fly in somebody else's web. Sometimes I think that's why I like accounting. All day, you are only dealing with numbers. You add them, multiply them, and if you are careful, you will always have a solution. There's a sequence there. An order. With numbers, you can have control. <ref>{{cite book |last=Obama |first=Barack |title=Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance |publisher=Times Books |date=1995}}</ref>
| text = “No CEO examining books today understands what the hell is going on… Accounting has steadily degraded over the past 30 years, and accounting firms have sold out time after time.”<ref>{{cite web |title=Chatting With Charlie: The Mark Twain of Finance |url=https://law.stanford.edu/stanford-lawyer/articles/chatting-with-charlie-the-mark-twain-of-finance/ |website=Stanford Lawyer |publisher=Stanford Law School |date=2003 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref> ▼
| author = Charlie Munger, vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway {{CharlieBarack MungerObama/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| image = charliegail-mungergodwin.jpg
| {{Quote
▲ | text = Life is like accounting, everything must be balanced. <ref>no primary source; widely attributed to Gail Godwin on quotes sites</ref>
| text = “I think Enron is the first shoe to drop. There’s a kind of Gresham’s law, where bad conduct drives out good conduct.”<ref>{{cite web |title=Chatting With Charlie: The Mark Twain of Finance |url=https://law.stanford.edu/stanford-lawyer/articles/chatting-with-charlie-the-mark-twain-of-finance/ |website=Stanford Lawyer |publisher=Stanford Law School |date=2003 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
| author = Charlie Munger, vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway {{CharlieGail MungerGodwin/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| {{Quote
| text = Managers thinking about accounting issues should never forget one of Abraham Lincoln's favorite riddles: How many legs does a dog have, if you call a tail a leg? The answer: Four, because calling a tail a leg doesn't make it a leg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Warren Buffett Says This 1 Simple Habit Is the Key to Success. Here Are 19 Times He Did It in Public |url=https://www.inc.com/bill-murphy-jr/warren-buffett-says-this-1-simple-habit-is-key-to-success-here-are-19-times-he-did-it-in-public.html |author=Bill Murphy Jr. |date=2020-02-14 |website=Inc. |access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>
▲ | text = “Carl Braun did not know how to read a profit-and-loss statement or a balance sheet to save his life. He would say, ‘Our standard accounting method is asinine. We’re building oil refineries, for God’s sake. Accounting costs for all our corrosion costs as if they were an ordinary cost like office supplies. That’s crazy. We must integrate corrosion costs right into the balance sheet.’”<ref>{{cite web |title=A Lesson on Elementary, Worldly Wisdom |url=https://ritholtz.com/2014/09/charles-mungers-speech-at-usc-business-school-1994/ |website=The Big Picture |publisher=Ritholtz Wealth Management |date=1994 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
| author = Charlie Munger, vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway {{CharlieWarren MungerBuffett/attribution}}
}}
}}
== Integrity, transparency, and public trust ==
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| text = “AccountingWe ismust thenot preparationlet andpressures generationto ofsatisfy informationWall andStreet expectations or unrealistic demands to deliver a certain quarterly earnings result lead us to compromise the aggregationquality of thatour informationaccounting inand afinancial wayreporting. that’sWe usefulmust inadhere decision-makingto the highest quality standards.”<ref>{{cite web |title=LearningA toPartnership Usefor Financialthe AccountingPublic Numbers StrategicallyTrust |url=https://globalyouth.whartonwww.upennsec.edugov/articlesnews/businessspeech/learning-to-use-financial-accounting-numbers-strategically1998/1998-89 |website=WhartonU.S. GlobalSecurities and YouthExchange ProgramCommission |publisher=Wharton School, University of PennsylvaniaSEC |date=20141998-09-28 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
| author = Catherine Schrand, Wharton accounting professor {{CatherineArthur SchrandLevitt/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| text = In the long run, management stressing accounting appearance over economic substance usually achieves little of either.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chairman's Letter - 1981 |url=https://www.berkshirehathaway.com/letters/1981.html |publisher=Berkshire Hathaway Inc. |date=1982-02-26 |access-date=2025-12-31}}</ref>
▲ | text = “We think a lot about how to communicate financial information to our investors and lenders… We should think more about how we communicate it to our employees so that they understand it.”<ref>{{cite web |title=Employees Care About Organization Finances—but Do They Understand Them? |url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/employees-care-about-organization-finances-do-they-understand-them |website=Stanford Graduate School of Business |publisher=Stanford University |date=2020 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
| author = Ed deHaan, accounting professor at Stanford Graduate School of Business {{EdWarren deHaanBuffett/attribution}}
}}
}}
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▲| image = peterluca- kruegerpacioli.jpg
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| text = “WhenWhen any cunning man keeps two books, one with honest entries and the other with false, he hides the truth, and you cannot rely on it; therefore be careful to keep your books with truth and integrity. ”<ref>{{cite book |author=Luca Pacioli |title=Paciolo on Accounting |translator=W. W. Cooper and Yuji Ijiri |publisher=Richard D. Irwin |date=1963 |pages=12 |oclc=221005624}}</ref> ▼
▲ | text = “It’s wild that we are not teaching all of our middle schoolers and high schoolers how to manage household finance, understanding things like credit and interest and risk… You need to go in recognizing the house always wins on average… We must learn to speak the language of business.”<ref>{{cite web |title=Financial Literacy Starts Young |url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/financial-literacy-starts-young |website=Stanford Graduate School of Business |publisher=Stanford University |date=2021 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
| author = Ed deHaan, accounting professor at Stanford Graduate School of Business {{EdLuca deHaanPacioli/attribution}}
}}
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| image = arthur-levitt.jpg
| {{Quote
| text = “WeWhen mustaccounting notpractices letare pressuresdefined tomore satisfyby Wallgimmickry Streetthan expectationsby ortheir unrealistic demands to deliver a certain quarterly earnings result lead us to compromise the qualityrepresentation of our accounting and financial reporting. We mustunderlying adherebusiness toconditions, thepublic highesttrust qualityis standardsjeopardized.”<ref>{{cite web |title=A Partnership for the Public Trust |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/1998/1998-89 |website=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |publisher=SEC |date=1998-09-28 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
| author = Arthur Levitt, chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission {{Arthur Levitt/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| image = charlie-munger.jpg
| {{Quote
▲ | text = “CreativeCreative accounting is an absolute curse to a civilization. One could argue that double-entry bookkeeping was one of history’s great advances. Using accounting for fraud and folly is a disgrace. In a democracy, it often takes a scandal to trigger reform. Enron was the most obvious example of a business culture gone wrong in a long, long time. ” <ref>{{cite webbook |last=Munger |first=Charles T. |title= 68Poor InspirationalCharlie's QuotesAlmanack: onThe AccountingWit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger | urlpublisher= https://graciousquotesDonning Company Pub. com/accounting/ | access-date= 2025-12-262008}}</ref>
| text = “When accounting practices are defined more by gimmickry than by their representation of underlying business conditions, public trust is jeopardized.”<ref>{{cite web |title=A Partnership for the Public Trust |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/1998/1998-89 |website=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |publisher=SEC |date=1998-09-28 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
| author = Arthur Levitt, chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission {{ArthurCharlie LevittMunger/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| image = charles-lyell.jpg
| {{Quote
| text = “WeNever mustcall guardan theaccountant integritya ofcredit theto process.his Inprofession; doinga sogood weaccountant will strengthen investor confidence, achieveis a higher quality of financial reporting and serve the best interestsdebit ofto ourhis Nationprofession.”<ref>{{cite web |title=AGet Partnershipto forKnow theConductor. PublicWe Think You’ll Like (and Trust) It. |url=https://wwwharmonate.sec.govcom/news/speech/1998/1998get-to-know-conductor-we-89think-youll-like-and-trust-it/ |websitedate=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission2021-04-23 |publisherwebsite=SECHarmonate |date=1998-09-28Blog |access-date=2025-12-3026}}</ref>
| author = Arthur Levitt, chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission {{ArthurCharles LevittLyell/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| image = arthur-levitt.jpg
| {{Quote
| text = “History,We commonmust senseguard andthe experienceintegrity tellof usthe thatprocess. atIn thedoing heartso ofwe ourwill marketsstrengthen areinvestor faithconfidence, andachieve trusta inhigher the honestyquality of corporate financial records.reporting Oneand whoserve weakensthe thatbest trustinterests withoutof good cause does no one aour serviceNation.”<ref>{{cite web |title=A Partnership for the Public Trust |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/1998/1998-89 |website=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |publisher=SEC |date=1998-09-28 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
| author = Byron Woodside, former SEC commissioner (as quoted by {{Arthur Levitt) {{Byron Woodside/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| image = charlie-munger.jpg
| {{Quote
▲ | text = “ProperI accountingthink Enron is likethe engineering.first Youshoe needto a margin of safetydrop. ThankThere’s Goda wekind don’tof designGresham’s bridgeslaw, andwhere airplanesbad theconduct waydrives weout dogood accountingconduct. ”<ref>{{cite web |title=Chatting With Charlie: The Mark Twain of Finance |url=https://law.stanford.edu/stanford-lawyer/articles/chatting-with-charlie-the-mark-twain-of-finance/ |website=Stanford Lawyer |publisher=Stanford Law School |date=2003 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
▲ | text = “To be good at your business, you have to know the numbers—cold.”<ref>{{cite book |author=Donald E. Kieso; Jerry J. Weygandt; Paul D. Kimmel |title=Financial Accounting |publisher=Wiley |edition=6th |date=2005 |pages=Preface |isbn=9780471749557}}</ref>
| author = Harold Geneen, former chairman of ITT Corporation {{HaroldCharlie GeneenMunger/attribution}}
}}
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| {{Quote
▲ | text = “ManagersIn andinsurance, investorsas mustelsewhere, recognizethe thatreaction accountingof numbersweak aremanagements theto beginning,weak notoperations theis end,often ofweak business valuationaccounting. ”<ref>{{cite web |title=Berkshire Hathaway Inc. 1982 Annual Shareholder Letter |url=https://www.berkshirehathaway.com/letters/1982.html |website=BerkshireHathaway.com |publisher=Berkshire Hathaway |date=1983 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
▲ | text = “Tell me how you will measure me, and I will tell you how I behave. If you measure me in an illogical way… do not complain about illogical behavior.”<ref>{{cite book |author=Eliyahu M. Goldratt |title=The Haystack Syndrome: Sifting Information Out of the Data Ocean |publisher=North River Press |date=1990 |pages=Chapter 8 |isbn=9780884270885}}</ref>
| author = Eliyahu Goldratt, management theorist and author of the Theory of Constraints {{EliyahuWarren GoldrattBuffett/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| image = lucacharlie-paciolimunger.jpg
| {{Quote
▲ | text = “NoNo CEO examining books today understands what the hell is going on… Accounting has steadily degraded over the past 30 years, and accounting firms have sold out time after time. ”<ref>{{cite web |title=Chatting With Charlie: The Mark Twain of Finance |url=https://law.stanford.edu/stanford-lawyer/articles/chatting-with-charlie-the-mark-twain-of-finance/ |website=Stanford Lawyer |publisher=Stanford Law School |date=2003 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref>
▲ | text = “The books cannot be closed unless the debits equal the credits; when the debit and credit have been separately summed, the two sums shall be equal.”<ref>{{cite book |author=Luca Pacioli |title=Paciolo on Accounting |translator=W. W. Cooper and Yuji Ijiri |publisher=Richard D. Irwin |date=1963 |pages=175 |oclc=221005624}}</ref>
| author = Luca Pacioli, Renaissance mathematician and “father of accounting” {{LucaCharlie PacioliMunger/attribution}}
}}
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▲ | text = Creativity is great but not in accounting. <ref>{{cite web |title=Rule 34: Be a brown rat if you want to succeed |url=https://www.davidsonwp.com/blog/2016/03/rule-34-be-a-brown-rat-if-you-want-to-succeed |website=Davidson WP |publisher=Davidson WP |access-date=2025-12-31 |date=March 2016 |author=Andrew Davidson}}</ref>
▲ | text = “When any cunning man keeps two books, one with honest entries and the other with false, he hides the truth, and you cannot rely on it; therefore be careful to keep your books with truth and integrity.”<ref>{{cite book |author=Luca Pacioli |title=Paciolo on Accounting |translator=W. W. Cooper and Yuji Ijiri |publisher=Richard D. Irwin |date=1963 |pages=12 |oclc=221005624}}</ref>
| author = Luca Pacioli, Renaissance mathematician and “father of accounting” {{LucaCharles PacioliScott/attribution}}
}}
}}
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| image = johanncharlie-wolfgang-von-goethemunger.jpg
| {{Quote
| text = “Double-entryI bookkeeping…would isargue onethat of the finesta inventionsmajority of the humanhorrors mind,we andface everywould prudentnot masterhave ofhappened aif housethe shouldaccounting introduceprofession itdeveloped intoand hisenforced economybetter accounting.”<ref>{{cite webnews |title=SecondMunger Lucaon Paciolithe 'Asininities' of Today's Regulators and Business LectureLeaders |url=https://www.ecbtheatlantic.europa.eucom/pressbusiness/keyarchive/date2009/200705/htmlmunger-on-the-asininities-of-todays-regulators-and-business-leaders/17894/sp071114.en.html |websitework=EuropeanThe Central BankAtlantic |publisherdate=European Central Bank2009-05-20 |dateauthor=2007J.J. Gould |access-date=2025-12-3026}}</ref>
| author = Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (through a character in *Wilhelm Meister’s Theatrical Calling*) {{Johann Wolfgang vonCharlie GoetheMunger/attribution}}
}}
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