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[[Definition:Artificial intelligence (AI)]]
LIFE INSURANCE — RETAIL
[[Definition:Machine learning (ML)]]
[[Definition:Deep learning]]
[[Definition:Natural language processing (NLP)]]
[[Definition:Computer vision]]
[[Definition:Predictive analytics]]
[[Definition:Predictive modelling]]
[[Definition:Algorithmic underwriting]]
[[Definition:Automated claims processing]]
[[Definition:Fraud detection]]
[[Definition:Optical character recognition (OCR)]]
[[Definition:Robotic process automation (RPA)]]
[[Definition:Chatbot]]
[[Definition:Large language model (LLM)]]
[[Definition:Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI)]]
[[Definition:Neural network]]
[[Definition:Supervised learning]]
[[Definition:Unsupervised learning]]
[[Definition:Training data]]
[[Definition:Algorithmic bias]]
[[Definition:Explainability]]
[[Definition:Black box model]]
[[Definition:Model validation]]
[[Definition:Telematics]]
[[Definition:Sentiment analysis]]
[[Definition:Decision tree]]
[[Definition:Data mining]]
[[Definition:Straight-through processing (STP)]]
[[Definition:Intelligent document processing (IDP)]]
[[Definition:Digital twin]]


Term life
[[Definition:Term life insurance]]
[[Definition:Level term life insurance]]
[[Definition:Decreasing term life insurance]]
[[Definition:Renewable term life insurance]]
[[Definition:Convertible term life insurance]]


Whole life / Permanent life
[[Definition:Whole life insurance (WL)]]
[[Definition:Universal life insurance (UL)]]
[[Definition:Variable life insurance (VL)]]
[[Definition:Variable universal life insurance (VUL)]]
[[Definition:Indexed universal life insurance (IUL)]]
[[Definition:Unit-linked life insurance]]
[[Definition:With-profits life insurance]]


[[Definition:Request for proposal (RFP)]]
Savings, endowment & investment
[[Definition:Endowment policy]]
[[Definition:Request for information (RFI)]]
[[Definition:Pure endowment policy]]
[[Definition:Request for quotation (RFQ)]]
[[Definition:Single-premium life insurance]]
[[Definition:Vendor management]]
[[Definition:Investment-linked life insurance]]
[[Definition:Third-party risk management (TPRM)]]
[[Definition:Guaranteed income life insurance]]
[[Definition:Service level agreement (SLA)]]
[[Definition:Key performance indicator (KPI)]]
[[Definition:Due diligence]]
[[Definition:Outsourcing]]
[[Definition:Insourcing]]
[[Definition:Preferred supplier]]
[[Definition:Supplier evaluation]]
[[Definition:Total cost of ownership (TCO)]]
[[Definition:Procurement lifecycle]]
[[Definition:Contract management]]
[[Definition:Master service agreement (MSA)]]
[[Definition:Statement of work (SOW)]]
[[Definition:Spend analysis]]
[[Definition:Category management]]
[[Definition:Strategic sourcing]]
[[Definition:Competitive tendering]]
[[Definition:Vendor lock-in]]
[[Definition:Subcontracting]]
[[Definition:Non-disclosure agreement (NDA)]]
[[Definition:Purchase order (PO)]]
[[Definition:Procure-to-pay (P2P)]]
[[Definition:Supplier onboarding]]
[[Definition:Benchmarking]]
[[Definition:Tail spend]]
[[Definition:Business continuity planning (BCP)]]
[[Definition:Sole sourcing]]
[[Definition:Single sourcing]]
[[Definition:Multi-sourcing]]
[[Definition:Nearshoring]]
[[Definition:Offshoring]]
[[Definition:Onshoring]]
[[Definition:Managed service provider (MSP)]]
[[Definition:Business process outsourcing (BPO)]]
[[Definition:Information technology outsourcing (ITO)]]
[[Definition:Vendor consolidation]]
[[Definition:Supplier diversity]]
[[Definition:Framework agreement]]
[[Definition:Blanket purchase agreement (BPA)]]
[[Definition:Rate card]]
[[Definition:Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)]]
[[Definition:Return on investment (ROI)]]
[[Definition:Value for money (VFM)]]
[[Definition:Negotiation strategy]]
[[Definition:Best and final offer (BAFO)]]
[[Definition:Invitation to tender (ITT)]]
[[Definition:Evaluation criteria]]
[[Definition:Weighted scoring model]]
[[Definition:Proof of concept (POC)]]
[[Definition:Pilot programme]]
[[Definition:Vendor risk assessment]]
[[Definition:Supplier scorecard]]
[[Definition:Contract renewal]]
[[Definition:Auto-renewal clause]]
[[Definition:Termination for convenience]]
[[Definition:Exit strategy]]
[[Definition:Transition plan]]
[[Definition:Change control]]
[[Definition:Scope creep]]
[[Definition:Escalation procedure]]
[[Definition:Governance framework]]
[[Definition:Steering committee]]
[[Definition:Stakeholder management]]
[[Definition:Demand management]]
[[Definition:Specification]]
[[Definition:Compliance requirement]]
[[Definition:Regulatory outsourcing obligation]]
[[Definition:Material outsourcing]]
[[Definition:Critical service provider]]
[[Definition:Concentration risk]]
[[Definition:Fourth-party risk]]
[[Definition:Supply chain risk]]
[[Definition:Right to audit clause]]
[[Definition:Data processing agreement (DPA)]]
[[Definition:Intellectual property rights (IPR)]]
[[Definition:Indemnification clause]]
[[Definition:Limitation of liability]]
[[Definition:Force majeure]]
[[Definition:Liquidated damages]]
[[Definition:Penalty clause]]
[[Definition:Earnback mechanism]]
[[Definition:Gain-sharing arrangement]]
[[Definition:Fixed-price contract]]
[[Definition:Time-and-materials contract (T&M)]]
[[Definition:Cost-plus contract]]
[[Definition:Outcome-based contract]]
[[Definition:Maverick spend]]
[[Definition:Spend under management]]
[[Definition:Savings target]]
[[Definition:Budget holder]]
[[Definition:Approval workflow]]
[[Definition:Delegated authority]]
[[Definition:Procurement policy]]
[[Definition:Ethical sourcing]]
[[Definition:Environmental, social, and governance criteria (ESG)]]
[[Definition:Sustainable procurement]]
[[Definition:Vendor performance review]]
[[Definition:Continuous improvement]]
[[Definition:Market analysis]]
[[Definition:Make-or-buy decision]]
[[Definition:Incumbent supplier]]


[[Definition:Gross written premiums (GWP)]]
Annuities
[[Definition:Immediate annuity]]
[[Definition:Combined ratio (CR)]]
[[Definition:Deferred annuity]]
[[Definition:Underlying earnings]]
[[Definition:Fixed annuity]]
[[Definition:Underlying earnings per share (UEPS)]]
[[Definition:Variable annuity]]
[[Definition:Underlying return on equity (URoE)]]
[[Definition:Indexed annuity]]
[[Definition:Net income]]
[[Definition:Life annuity]]
[[Definition:Solvency II ratio]]
[[Definition:Joint-and-survivor annuity]]
[[Definition:Eligible own funds (EOF)]]
[[Definition:Guaranteed period annuity]]
[[Definition:Contractual service margin (CSM)]]
[[Definition:New business value (NBV)]]

[[Definition:New business value margin]]
Death & accident riders / supplementary
[[Definition:Accidental death and dismemberment insurance (AD&D)]]
[[Definition:Present value of expected premiums (PVEP)]]
[[Definition:Waiver of premium rider]]
[[Definition:New business contractual service margin (NB CSM)]]
[[Definition:Critical illness rider]]
[[Definition:CSM release]]
[[Definition:Accelerated death benefit rider]]
[[Definition:Technical margin]]
[[Definition:Long-term care rider]]
[[Definition:Technical experience]]
[[Definition:Guaranteed insurability rider]]
[[Definition:Net flows]]
[[Definition:Unit-linked]]

[[Definition:General account (GA)]]
Other personal life
[[Definition:Credit life insurance]]
[[Definition:Property and casualty insurance (P&C)]]
[[Definition:Mortgage life insurance]]
[[Definition:Life and health insurance (L&H)]]
[[Definition:Funeral insurance]]
[[Definition:Commercial lines]]
[[Definition:Pre-need insurance]]
[[Definition:Personal lines]]
[[Definition:Reinsurance]]

[[Definition:Managing general agent (MGA)]]

[[Definition:Natural catastrophe charges (Nat Cat)]]
LIFE INSURANCE — COMMERCIAL / GROUP
[[Definition:Prior years' reserve development]]

[[Definition:Group term life insurance]]
[[Definition:Claims reserve]]
[[Definition:Group universal life insurance]]
[[Definition:Unwind of discount]]
[[Definition:Employer-sponsored life insurance]]
[[Definition:Loss ratio]]
[[Definition:Key person life insurance]]
[[Definition:Expense ratio]]
[[Definition:Business succession life insurance]]
[[Definition:Current year loss]]
[[Definition:Buy-sell agreement life insurance]]
[[Definition:Short-tail lines]]
[[Definition:Corporate-owned life insurance (COLI)]]
[[Definition:Long-tail lines]]
[[Definition:Bank-owned life insurance (BOLI)]]
[[Definition:Casualty insurance]]
[[Definition:Executive life insurance]]
[[Definition:Financial lines]]
[[Definition:Group credit life insurance]]
[[Definition:Protection]]
[[Definition:Deferred compensation life insurance]]
[[Definition:Savings insurance]]
[[Definition:Split-dollar life insurance]]
[[Definition:Endowment product]]
[[Definition:Group annuity contract]]
[[Definition:Single premium]]
[[Definition:Pension buy-in]]
[[Definition:Whole-life product]]
[[Definition:Pension buy-out]]
[[Definition:Bancassurance]]
[[Definition:Longevity insurance]]
[[Definition:Direct insurance]]
[[Definition:Motor insurance]]

[[Definition:Fire insurance]]

[[Definition:Workers' compensation]]
PROPERTY & CASUALTY / GENERAL INSURANCE — RETAIL (PERSONAL LINES)
[[Definition:Group life insurance]]

[[Definition:Health insurance]]
Property
[[Definition:Homeowner insurance]]
[[Definition:Complementary health insurance]]
[[Definition:Renter insurance]]
[[Definition:Retail motor]]
[[Definition:Condominium owner insurance]]
[[Definition:Social inflation]]
[[Definition:Dwelling fire insurance]]
[[Definition:Market softening]]
[[Definition:Personal inland marine insurance]]
[[Definition:Pricing cycle]]
[[Definition:Valuable articles insurance]]
[[Definition:Capital-light product]]
[[Definition:Flood insurance]]
[[Definition:Surrender]]
[[Definition:Earthquake insurance]]
[[Definition:Persistency]]
[[Definition:Personal umbrella liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Underwriting]]
[[Definition:Pruning]]

[[Definition:Earn-through]]
Motor / Auto
[[Definition:Private motor insurance]]
[[Definition:Debt gearing]]
[[Definition:Comprehensive motor insurance]]
[[Definition:Restricted Tier 1 capital (RT1)]]
[[Definition:Third-party liability motor insurance]]
[[Definition:Tier 2 capital]]
[[Definition:Third-party, fire and theft motor insurance]]
[[Definition:Loss absorption mechanism]]
[[Definition:Collision coverage]]
[[Definition:Write-down]]
[[Definition:Uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage]]
[[Definition:Credit spread]]
[[Definition:Motor legal protection insurance]]
[[Definition:Investment grade]]
[[Definition:Guaranteed asset protection insurance (GAP)]]
[[Definition:High yield]]
[[Definition:Classic and collector vehicle insurance]]
[[Definition:Corporate spread]]
[[Definition:Motor breakdown insurance]]
[[Definition:Solvency capital requirement (SCR)]]
[[Definition:Organic cash upstream]]

[[Definition:Dividend payout ratio]]
Travel & personal accident
[[Definition:Travel insurance]]
[[Definition:Total payout ratio]]
[[Definition:Trip cancellation insurance]]
[[Definition:Share buy-back]]
[[Definition:Personal accident insurance (PA)]]
[[Definition:Normalized own funds generation]]
[[Definition:Personal liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Operating return]]
[[Definition:Foreseeable dividend]]

[[Definition:Comparable basis]]
Specialty personal
[[Definition:Pet insurance]]
[[Definition:Constant exchange rate basis]]
[[Definition:Wedding insurance]]
[[Definition:Scope effect]]
[[Definition:Bicycle insurance]]
[[Definition:Intercompany elimination]]
[[Definition:Mobile device insurance]]
[[Definition:Identity theft insurance]]
[[Definition:Legal expenses insurance]]
[[Definition:Hobby and sports insurance]]


PROPERTY & CASUALTY / GENERAL INSURANCE — COMMERCIAL LINES

Commercial property
[[Definition:Commercial property insurance]]
[[Definition:Commercial fire insurance]]
[[Definition:Commercial multi-peril insurance]]
[[Definition:Builder risk insurance]]
[[Definition:Business interruption insurance (BI)]]
[[Definition:Contingent business interruption insurance]]
[[Definition:Equipment breakdown insurance]]
[[Definition:Boiler and machinery insurance]]
[[Definition:Commercial inland marine insurance]]
[[Definition:Stock throughput insurance]]
[[Definition:Difference in conditions insurance (DIC)]]

Commercial liability
[[Definition:Commercial general liability insurance (CGL)]]
[[Definition:Product liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Completed operations liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Employer liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Professional indemnity insurance (PI)]]
[[Definition:Medical malpractice insurance]]
[[Definition:Directors and officers liability insurance (D&O)]]
[[Definition:Employment practices liability insurance (EPLI)]]
[[Definition:Fiduciary liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Excess liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Commercial umbrella liability insurance]]

Motor / Fleet
[[Definition:Commercial motor insurance]]
[[Definition:Fleet motor insurance]]
[[Definition:Motor carrier liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Hired and non-owned auto liability insurance]]

Workers' compensation & workplace
[[Definition:Workers' compensation insurance]]
[[Definition:Occupational accident insurance]]
[[Definition:Workplace injury insurance]]

Marine, aviation & transport
[[Definition:Marine cargo insurance]]
[[Definition:Marine hull insurance]]
[[Definition:Protection and indemnity insurance (P&I)]]
[[Definition:Port and terminal operator liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Freight forwarder liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Aviation hull insurance]]
[[Definition:Aviation liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Aircraft hull and liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Spacecraft insurance]]

Engineering & construction
[[Definition:Contractor all-risks insurance (CAR)]]
[[Definition:Erection all-risks insurance (EAR)]]
[[Definition:Construction wrap-up insurance]]
[[Definition:Delay in start-up insurance (DSU)]]
[[Definition:Professional indemnity insurance for construction]]
[[Definition:Decennial liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Latent defects insurance]]

Energy & natural resources
[[Definition:Upstream energy insurance]]
[[Definition:Downstream energy insurance]]
[[Definition:Onshore energy insurance]]
[[Definition:Offshore energy insurance]]
[[Definition:Power generation insurance]]
[[Definition:Mining insurance]]
[[Definition:Renewable energy insurance]]

Financial lines & crime
[[Definition:Crime insurance]]
[[Definition:Commercial crime insurance]]
[[Definition:Bankers blanket bond (BBB)]]
[[Definition:Kidnap and ransom insurance (K&R)]]
[[Definition:Trade credit insurance]]
[[Definition:Political risk insurance]]
[[Definition:Surety bond]]
[[Definition:Performance bond insurance]]
[[Definition:Bid bond]]
[[Definition:Payment bond]]

Cyber
[[Definition:Cyber liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Data breach insurance]]
[[Definition:Network security liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Technology errors and omissions insurance (tech E&O)]]
[[Definition:Media liability insurance]]

Agricultural
[[Definition:Crop insurance]]
[[Definition:Livestock insurance]]
[[Definition:Agricultural property insurance]]
[[Definition:Forestry insurance]]
[[Definition:Aquaculture insurance]]
[[Definition:Index-based agricultural insurance]]
[[Definition:Weather index insurance]]

Specialty commercial
[[Definition:Event cancellation insurance]]
[[Definition:Film and entertainment production insurance]]
[[Definition:Fine art insurance]]
[[Definition:Terrorism insurance]]
[[Definition:Political violence insurance]]
[[Definition:Environmental liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Product recall insurance]]
[[Definition:Product contamination insurance]]
[[Definition:Intellectual property insurance]]
[[Definition:Patent infringement insurance]]
[[Definition:Reputation risk insurance]]
[[Definition:Warranty and indemnity insurance (W&I)]]
[[Definition:Tax liability insurance]]
[[Definition:Title insurance]]
[[Definition:Contingency insurance]]
[[Definition:Parametric insurance]]
[[Definition:Run-off insurance]]

Package & bundled
[[Definition:Business owner policy (BOP)]]
[[Definition:Commercial combined insurance]]
[[Definition:Industrial all-risks insurance]]


HEALTH INSURANCE — RETAIL (INDIVIDUAL / FAMILY)

Core medical
[[Definition:Private medical insurance (PMI)]]
[[Definition:Individual health insurance]]
[[Definition:Family health insurance]]
[[Definition:Hospital indemnity insurance]]
[[Definition:Surgical expense insurance]]
[[Definition:Supplemental health insurance]]
[[Definition:Out-patient insurance]]
[[Definition:Dental insurance]]
[[Definition:Vision insurance]]
[[Definition:Prescription drug insurance]]
[[Definition:Maternity insurance]]

Critical illness & income protection
[[Definition:Critical illness insurance (CI)]]
[[Definition:Cancer insurance]]
[[Definition:Heart and stroke insurance]]
[[Definition:Income protection insurance (IP)]]
[[Definition:Short-term disability insurance (STD)]]
[[Definition:Long-term disability insurance (LTD)]]
[[Definition:Permanent total disability insurance (PTD)]]

Long-term care
[[Definition:Long-term care insurance (LTC)]]
[[Definition:Home care insurance]]
[[Definition:Nursing home insurance]]

Travel & expatriate health
[[Definition:Travel medical insurance]]
[[Definition:International private medical insurance (IPMI)]]
[[Definition:Expatriate health insurance]]
[[Definition:Medical evacuation insurance]]
[[Definition:Repatriation insurance]]

Wellness & supplementary
[[Definition:Wellness program insurance]]
[[Definition:Mental health insurance]]
[[Definition:Alternative and complementary medicine insurance]]
[[Definition:Personal health excess insurance]]
[[Definition:Second medical opinion insurance]]


HEALTH INSURANCE — COMMERCIAL / GROUP

Group medical
[[Definition:Group medical insurance]]
[[Definition:Employer-sponsored health insurance]]
[[Definition:Self-insured health plan]]
[[Definition:Stop-loss insurance]]
[[Definition:Aggregate stop-loss insurance]]
[[Definition:Specific stop-loss insurance]]
[[Definition:Mini-medical insurance]]

Group disability & income
[[Definition:Group disability insurance]]
[[Definition:Group short-term disability insurance]]
[[Definition:Group long-term disability insurance]]
[[Definition:Group income protection insurance]]
[[Definition:Group critical illness insurance]]

Group supplementary benefits
[[Definition:Group dental insurance]]
[[Definition:Group vision insurance]]
[[Definition:Group life and health combined plan]]
[[Definition:Employee assistance programme insurance (EAP)]]
[[Definition:Group long-term care insurance]]
[[Definition:International group medical insurance]]
[[Definition:Global benefits programme]]

Managed care structures
[[Definition:Health maintenance organisation plan (HMO)]]
[[Definition:Preferred provider organisation plan (PPO)]]
[[Definition:Exclusive provider organisation plan (EPO)]]
[[Definition:Point-of-service plan (POS)]]
[[Definition:Managed care overlay]]


REINSURANCE (CROSS-LINE)

[[Definition:Treaty reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Facultative reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Proportional reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Quota share reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Surplus share reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Non-proportional reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Excess-of-loss reinsurance (XoL)]]
[[Definition:Per-risk excess-of-loss reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Per-occurrence excess-of-loss reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Aggregate excess-of-loss reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Stop-loss reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Catastrophe bond (cat bond)]]
[[Definition:Industry loss warranty (ILW)]]
[[Definition:Sidecar reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Retrocession]]
[[Definition:Life retrocession]]
[[Definition:Finite reinsurance]]
[[Definition:Loss portfolio transfer (LPT)]]
[[Definition:Adverse development cover (ADC)]]

Latest revision as of 21:11, 19 March 2026

Definition:Artificial intelligence (AI) Definition:Machine learning (ML) Definition:Deep learning Definition:Natural language processing (NLP) Definition:Computer vision Definition:Predictive analytics Definition:Predictive modelling Definition:Algorithmic underwriting Definition:Automated claims processing Definition:Fraud detection Definition:Optical character recognition (OCR) Definition:Robotic process automation (RPA) Definition:Chatbot Definition:Large language model (LLM) Definition:Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) Definition:Neural network Definition:Supervised learning Definition:Unsupervised learning Definition:Training data Definition:Algorithmic bias Definition:Explainability Definition:Black box model Definition:Model validation Definition:Telematics Definition:Sentiment analysis Definition:Decision tree Definition:Data mining Definition:Straight-through processing (STP) Definition:Intelligent document processing (IDP) Definition:Digital twin


Definition:Request for proposal (RFP) Definition:Request for information (RFI) Definition:Request for quotation (RFQ) Definition:Vendor management Definition:Third-party risk management (TPRM) Definition:Service level agreement (SLA) Definition:Key performance indicator (KPI) Definition:Due diligence Definition:Outsourcing Definition:Insourcing Definition:Preferred supplier Definition:Supplier evaluation Definition:Total cost of ownership (TCO) Definition:Procurement lifecycle Definition:Contract management Definition:Master service agreement (MSA) Definition:Statement of work (SOW) Definition:Spend analysis Definition:Category management Definition:Strategic sourcing Definition:Competitive tendering Definition:Vendor lock-in Definition:Subcontracting Definition:Non-disclosure agreement (NDA) Definition:Purchase order (PO) Definition:Procure-to-pay (P2P) Definition:Supplier onboarding Definition:Benchmarking Definition:Tail spend Definition:Business continuity planning (BCP) Definition:Sole sourcing Definition:Single sourcing Definition:Multi-sourcing Definition:Nearshoring Definition:Offshoring Definition:Onshoring Definition:Managed service provider (MSP) Definition:Business process outsourcing (BPO) Definition:Information technology outsourcing (ITO) Definition:Vendor consolidation Definition:Supplier diversity Definition:Framework agreement Definition:Blanket purchase agreement (BPA) Definition:Rate card Definition:Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) Definition:Return on investment (ROI) Definition:Value for money (VFM) Definition:Negotiation strategy Definition:Best and final offer (BAFO) Definition:Invitation to tender (ITT) Definition:Evaluation criteria Definition:Weighted scoring model Definition:Proof of concept (POC) Definition:Pilot programme Definition:Vendor risk assessment Definition:Supplier scorecard Definition:Contract renewal Definition:Auto-renewal clause Definition:Termination for convenience Definition:Exit strategy Definition:Transition plan Definition:Change control Definition:Scope creep Definition:Escalation procedure Definition:Governance framework Definition:Steering committee Definition:Stakeholder management Definition:Demand management Definition:Specification Definition:Compliance requirement Definition:Regulatory outsourcing obligation Definition:Material outsourcing Definition:Critical service provider Definition:Concentration risk Definition:Fourth-party risk Definition:Supply chain risk Definition:Right to audit clause Definition:Data processing agreement (DPA) Definition:Intellectual property rights (IPR) Definition:Indemnification clause Definition:Limitation of liability Definition:Force majeure Definition:Liquidated damages Definition:Penalty clause Definition:Earnback mechanism Definition:Gain-sharing arrangement Definition:Fixed-price contract Definition:Time-and-materials contract (T&M) Definition:Cost-plus contract Definition:Outcome-based contract Definition:Maverick spend Definition:Spend under management Definition:Savings target Definition:Budget holder Definition:Approval workflow Definition:Delegated authority Definition:Procurement policy Definition:Ethical sourcing Definition:Environmental, social, and governance criteria (ESG) Definition:Sustainable procurement Definition:Vendor performance review Definition:Continuous improvement Definition:Market analysis Definition:Make-or-buy decision Definition:Incumbent supplier

Definition:Gross written premiums (GWP) Definition:Combined ratio (CR) Definition:Underlying earnings Definition:Underlying earnings per share (UEPS) Definition:Underlying return on equity (URoE) Definition:Net income Definition:Solvency II ratio Definition:Eligible own funds (EOF) Definition:Contractual service margin (CSM) Definition:New business value (NBV) Definition:New business value margin Definition:Present value of expected premiums (PVEP) Definition:New business contractual service margin (NB CSM) Definition:CSM release Definition:Technical margin Definition:Technical experience Definition:Net flows Definition:Unit-linked Definition:General account (GA) Definition:Property and casualty insurance (P&C) Definition:Life and health insurance (L&H) Definition:Commercial lines Definition:Personal lines Definition:Reinsurance Definition:Managing general agent (MGA) Definition:Natural catastrophe charges (Nat Cat) Definition:Prior years' reserve development Definition:Claims reserve Definition:Unwind of discount Definition:Loss ratio Definition:Expense ratio Definition:Current year loss Definition:Short-tail lines Definition:Long-tail lines Definition:Casualty insurance Definition:Financial lines Definition:Protection Definition:Savings insurance Definition:Endowment product Definition:Single premium Definition:Whole-life product Definition:Bancassurance Definition:Direct insurance Definition:Motor insurance Definition:Fire insurance Definition:Workers' compensation Definition:Group life insurance Definition:Health insurance Definition:Complementary health insurance Definition:Retail motor Definition:Social inflation Definition:Market softening Definition:Pricing cycle Definition:Capital-light product Definition:Surrender Definition:Persistency Definition:Underwriting Definition:Pruning Definition:Earn-through Definition:Debt gearing Definition:Restricted Tier 1 capital (RT1) Definition:Tier 2 capital Definition:Loss absorption mechanism Definition:Write-down Definition:Credit spread Definition:Investment grade Definition:High yield Definition:Corporate spread Definition:Solvency capital requirement (SCR) Definition:Organic cash upstream Definition:Dividend payout ratio Definition:Total payout ratio Definition:Share buy-back Definition:Normalized own funds generation Definition:Operating return Definition:Foreseeable dividend Definition:Comparable basis Definition:Constant exchange rate basis Definition:Scope effect Definition:Intercompany elimination