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🔍 '''Vulnerability scan''' is an automated assessment that probes an organization's computer networks, applications, and infrastructure to identify known security weaknesses — such as unpatched software, misconfigured servers, open ports, or outdated encryption protocols — that could be exploited by malicious actors. In the [[Definition:Insurance | insurance]] industry, vulnerability scans have become a key tool for [[Definition:Cyber insurance | cyber-insurance]] [[Definition:Underwriter | underwriters]] seeking to quantify an applicant's [[Definition:Risk | risk]] posture before [[Definition:Binding | binding]] [[Definition:Coverage | coverage]], and for [[Definition:Insurer | insurers]] protecting their own digital assets against [[Definition:Data breach | breach]] and [[Definition:Ransomware | ransomware]] threats.

🖥️ Scan technology generally falls into two categories. External scans probe internet-facing assets from outside the network perimeter, mimicking the reconnaissance an attacker would perform; internal scans run from within the network to detect weaknesses invisible from the outside. Modern [[Definition:Insurtech | insurtech]] platforms and specialized cyber-analytics vendors offer continuous or on-demand external scanning as part of the [[Definition:Underwriting | underwriting]] workflow, generating risk scores that feed directly into [[Definition:Rating algorithm | rating algorithms]] and [[Definition:Pricing | pricing models]]. Some [[Definition:Managing general agent (MGA) | MGAs]] require a minimum scan score before they will quote, effectively making basic [[Definition:Cybersecurity | cyber hygiene]] a prerequisite for coverage.

🛡️ Beyond the initial [[Definition:Risk assessment | risk assessment]], recurring scans serve an ongoing [[Definition:Loss control | loss-prevention]] function. Carriers and their [[Definition:Policyholder | policyholders]] can monitor how security posture evolves over the policy term, triggering alerts when new [[Definition:Cyber risk | vulnerabilities]] emerge or when previously remediated issues resurface. This continuous feedback loop benefits both sides: insurers gain real-time visibility into portfolio-level [[Definition:Exposure | exposure]], while policyholders receive actionable intelligence that reduces the likelihood of a [[Definition:Claim | claim]]. As [[Definition:Cyber insurance | cyber coverage]] matures, vulnerability scanning is moving from a nice-to-have underwriting supplement to a foundational element of the product itself.

'''Related concepts'''
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Definition:Cyber insurance]]
* [[Definition:Cybersecurity]]
* [[Definition:Penetration testing]]
* [[Definition:Cyber risk]]
* [[Definition:Data breach]]
* [[Definition:Risk assessment]]
{{Div col end}}

Definition:Vulnerability scan - Revision history

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