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🖥️ '''SCADA system''' — short for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system — is an industrial control technology that monitors and manages physical infrastructure such as power grids, water treatment plants, pipelines, and manufacturing processes, and it has become a critical consideration in [[Definition:Cyber insurance | cyber insurance]] [[Definition:Underwriting | underwriting]] because a successful cyberattack against a SCADA environment can trigger catastrophic [[Definition:Property damage | property damage]], [[Definition:Bodily injury | bodily injury]], [[Definition:Business interruption | business interruption]], and [[Definition:Environmental liability | environmental liability]] losses. Insurers evaluating risks in energy, utilities, transportation, and heavy industry must assess whether a prospective [[Definition:Insured | insured]] operates SCADA infrastructure, because these systems often represent the intersection of [[Definition:Operational technology (OT) | operational technology]] and information technology where [[Definition:Cyber risk | cyber risk]] translates directly into physical-world consequences.

⚙️ When [[Definition:Underwriter | underwriters]] assess an applicant's SCADA exposure, they examine factors such as network segmentation between SCADA and corporate IT systems, patch management practices, remote access controls, and whether legacy equipment still runs unsupported software. Many SCADA installations were designed decades ago without cybersecurity in mind, and retrofitting them with modern protections is expensive and operationally disruptive — a reality that elevates the [[Definition:Risk profile | risk profile]] of industrial insureds. Insurers may require completion of specialized [[Definition:Cyber risk assessment | cyber risk assessments]] or third-party vulnerability scans before offering coverage, and [[Definition:Policy exclusion | policy exclusions]] or [[Definition:Sublimit | sublimits]] may apply to losses originating from unpatched or internet-facing SCADA components.

🔐 The growing digitization of industrial operations has placed SCADA-related exposures at the center of discussions about [[Definition:Silent cyber | silent cyber]] — the risk that traditional [[Definition:Property insurance | property]] or [[Definition:Liability insurance | liability]] policies inadvertently cover cyber-triggered physical losses without explicitly pricing for them. Insurers and [[Definition:Reinsurance | reinsurers]] increasingly model SCADA-attack scenarios when estimating [[Definition:Aggregation risk | aggregation risk]], because a single vulnerability exploited across multiple utilities or manufacturers could generate correlated [[Definition:Catastrophe loss | catastrophe losses]] across an entire portfolio. As a result, clear policy language delineating cyber versus physical triggers — and accurate assessment of an insured's SCADA security posture — has become essential to sustainable underwriting in industrial and infrastructure lines.

'''Related concepts'''
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Definition:Cyber insurance]]
* [[Definition:Operational technology (OT)]]
* [[Definition:Silent cyber]]
* [[Definition:Business interruption]]
* [[Definition:Aggregation risk]]
* [[Definition:Cyber risk assessment]]
{{Div col end}}

Definition:SCADA system - Revision history

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