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📋 '''Materiality scrape''' is a contractual mechanism in [[Definition:Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) | M&A]] transaction agreements—including acquisitions of [[Definition:Insurance carrier | insurers]], [[Definition:Managing general agent (MGA) | MGAs]], and other insurance platforms—that removes or "scrapes" [[Definition:Materiality qualifier | materiality qualifiers]] from [[Definition:Management warranty | warranties]] and representations for the specific purpose of determining whether a breach has occurred, calculating the resulting [[Definition:Indemnification | indemnification]] losses, or both. The device addresses a problem that arises when warranties are heavily qualified by materiality language: without a scrape, a buyer might find that each individual breach falls below the materiality threshold, even though the aggregate effect of multiple sub-threshold breaches is substantial.

⚙️ There are two principal varieties. A "single scrape" removes materiality qualifiers only for the purpose of calculating the dollar amount of damages once a breach has already been established on its own terms. A "double scrape"—more favorable to the buyer—removes materiality qualifiers for both purposes: determining whether a warranty has been breached in the first place and calculating the resulting loss. In an insurance transaction, consider a warranty stating that the target has no [[Definition:Loss reserve | reserve]] deficiency "in any material respect." Under a single scrape, the buyer must still show a material reserve deficiency to establish breach, but once breach is proven, the full amount of the deficiency—not just the portion exceeding the materiality threshold—counts toward [[Definition:Indemnification | indemnification]]. Under a double scrape, the materiality qualifier is ignored entirely: any reserve deficiency, regardless of size, can constitute a breach, and the full amount is claimable. The interplay of the scrape with the agreement's [[Definition:Basket | basket]] (the aggregate threshold before indemnification kicks in) and [[Definition:Cap | cap]] (the maximum indemnification amount) creates a layered risk-allocation structure.

💡 Insurance-sector transactions present an especially fertile ground for materiality scrape negotiations because the underlying business generates a high volume of individual items—[[Definition:Claims | claims]], [[Definition:Policy | policies]], regulatory filings, [[Definition:Reinsurance recoverables | reinsurance recoverables]]—each of which might individually be immaterial but collectively paint a different picture. A portfolio with dozens of slightly under-reserved [[Definition:Claims | claims]] lines or a pattern of minor [[Definition:Regulatory compliance | regulatory]] non-compliances may not breach any single materiality-qualified warranty, yet the cumulative impact on the buyer can be severe. The materiality scrape ensures the buyer is not left without a remedy in such scenarios. [[Definition:Warranty and indemnity insurance (W&I) | Warranty and indemnity insurers]] underwriting coverage for insurance deals pay close attention to whether the underlying [[Definition:Share purchase agreement (SPA) | SPA]] contains a single or double scrape, as this directly affects the likelihood and magnitude of claims under the W&I policy. In practice, the double scrape has become a market-standard expectation in many jurisdictions, though sellers continue to resist it where possible.

'''Related concepts:'''
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Definition:Materiality qualifier]]
* [[Definition:Indemnification]]
* [[Definition:Management warranty]]
* [[Definition:Warranty and indemnity insurance (W&I)]]
* [[Definition:Basket]]
* [[Definition:Share purchase agreement (SPA)]]
{{Div col end}}

Definition:Materiality scrape - Revision history

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