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🏛️ '''Insurance core principles''' (ICPs) are the globally recognized framework of supervisory standards developed by the [[Definition:International Association of Insurance Supervisors|International Association of Insurance Supervisors]] (IAIS) that set out the essential elements of an effective insurance supervisory regime. There are 26 ICPs in total, covering subjects ranging from the objectives and powers of [[Definition:Regulatory authority|supervisory authorities]] to [[Definition:Licensing|licensing]], [[Definition:Corporate governance|corporate governance]], [[Definition:Risk management|risk management]], [[Definition:Solvency|solvency]] assessment, [[Definition:Market conduct|market conduct]], and [[Definition:Anti-money laundering|anti-money laundering]]. Although the ICPs do not carry direct legal force in any jurisdiction, they serve as the benchmark against which national insurance regulatory regimes are assessed — most notably through the [[Definition:Financial Sector Assessment Program|Financial Sector Assessment Program]] (FSAP) conducted jointly by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

🔧 Each ICP is accompanied by a set of standards and guidance material that elaborates on how the principle should be implemented in practice. ICP 17, for instance, addresses [[Definition:Capital adequacy|capital adequacy]], providing a principles-based framework that jurisdictions can adapt to their own [[Definition:Risk-based capital|risk-based capital]] systems — whether that is [[Definition:Solvency II|Solvency II]] in Europe, the [[Definition:Risk-based capital|RBC]] framework overseen by the [[Definition:National Association of Insurance Commissioners|NAIC]] in the United States, [[Definition:C-ROSS|C-ROSS]] in China, or national regimes in markets like Singapore, Japan, or Brazil. ICP 14 addresses [[Definition:Valuation|valuation]], setting expectations for how [[Definition:Insurer|insurers]] should value their assets and liabilities in a manner consistent with economic reality. The ICPs also address emerging risks and evolving market structures: recent revisions have incorporated guidance on [[Definition:Insurtech|insurtech]], [[Definition:Climate risk|climate risk]], and the supervision of internationally active [[Definition:Insurance group|insurance groups]], reflecting the IAIS's role in keeping the framework relevant to a changing industry.

🌐 For the global insurance market, the ICPs function as a common language that enables comparability and cooperation among supervisors in different jurisdictions. When a multinational insurer operates across dozens of countries, each with its own legal and regulatory tradition, the ICPs provide a shared set of expectations that facilitates [[Definition:Group supervision|group supervision]], [[Definition:Information sharing|information sharing]], and [[Definition:Crisis management|crisis management]]. Jurisdictions that demonstrably adhere to the ICPs tend to enjoy greater credibility with international counterparts, rating agencies, and investors, while gaps in observance may trigger recommendations for reform. For insurance executives and compliance professionals, the ICPs also serve as a strategic planning tool: understanding the trajectory of ICP development — including the IAIS's ongoing work on a global [[Definition:Insurance capital standard|Insurance Capital Standard]] (ICS) — offers insight into the direction of regulatory expectations worldwide.

'''Related concepts:'''
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* [[Definition:International Association of Insurance Supervisors]]
* [[Definition:Solvency II]]
* [[Definition:Risk-based capital]]
* [[Definition:Corporate governance]]
* [[Definition:Insurance capital standard]]
* [[Definition:Financial Sector Assessment Program]]
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Definition:Insurance core principles - Revision history

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