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	<title>Definition:Industrial control system - Revision history</title>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;🏭 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Industrial control system&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is the umbrella term for the hardware and software networks that monitor and operate physical processes in sectors such as manufacturing, energy, water treatment, and transportation. Supervisory control and data acquisition ([[Definition:SCADA | SCADA]]) platforms, distributed control systems, and programmable logic controllers all fall under this heading — and all have become increasingly relevant to the insurance industry as [[Definition:Cyber risk | cyber threats]] targeting operational technology escalate in frequency and potential severity.&lt;br /&gt;
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🔧 These systems were originally designed for reliability and safety in air-gapped environments, not for the connected world they now inhabit. As companies link operational technology to enterprise IT networks and cloud-based analytics to gain efficiency, they expose control systems to vulnerabilities — [[Definition:Ransomware | ransomware]], unauthorized remote access, supply-chain compromises — that can halt production lines, trigger environmental releases, or even endanger human life. [[Definition:Cyber insurance | Cyber]] [[Definition:Underwriter | underwriters]] evaluating industrial risks must therefore look beyond standard IT security controls and assess whether the insured has segmented its OT network, implemented intrusion-detection systems purpose-built for industrial protocols, and maintained robust patch-management and backup procedures for legacy controllers.&lt;br /&gt;
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⚠️ From an insurance perspective, a compromised industrial control system sits at the intersection of [[Definition:Cyber insurance | cyber]], [[Definition:Property insurance | property]], [[Definition:Business interruption insurance | business interruption]], [[Definition:General liability insurance | general liability]], and [[Definition:Environmental liability insurance | environmental liability]] — creating potential coverage overlaps and gaps that demand careful program design. A single incident could trigger [[Definition:First-party coverage | first-party]] costs for system restoration and lost production, [[Definition:Third-party coverage | third-party]] claims for bodily injury or pollution, and [[Definition:Regulatory fine | regulatory penalties]]. Carriers writing in this space increasingly require applicants to demonstrate alignment with frameworks such as NIST and IEC 62443, and the most forward-looking [[Definition:Insurtech | insurtechs]] are deploying continuous-monitoring tools that give [[Definition:Underwriter | underwriters]] near-real-time visibility into the control-system security posture of their portfolio.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Related concepts&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Definition:Cyber insurance]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Definition:SCADA]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Definition:Operational technology (OT)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Definition:Business interruption insurance]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Definition:Critical infrastructure]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Definition:Cyber risk]]&lt;br /&gt;
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