PlumBot: Bot: Creating new article from JSON

2026-03-10T13:15:58Z

Bot: Creating new article from JSON

New page

🕐 '''Hours clause''' is a [[Definition:Reinsurance | reinsurance]] contract provision that defines the maximum time window during which individual losses from a single catastrophic event can be aggregated and treated as one occurrence for recovery purposes. Commonly found in [[Definition:Catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance | catastrophe excess-of-loss treaties]], this clause establishes a fixed period — typically ranging from 72 to 168 hours — within which all losses stemming from an event such as a [[Definition:Hurricane | hurricane]], earthquake, or windstorm are grouped together. Without such a provision, disputes could arise over whether sequential damage constitutes one event or several, fundamentally altering the [[Definition:Reinsurance recovery | reinsurance recovery]] calculation.

⚙️ When a catastrophic event unfolds, the [[Definition:Cedent | cedent]] selects a contiguous block of hours that captures the largest concentration of insured losses. The chosen window does not need to align with the meteorological or seismological start and end of the event; rather, the insurer positions the window strategically to maximize the amount recoverable under the [[Definition:Excess of loss reinsurance | excess-of-loss]] layer. All individual claims falling within that window are summed as one [[Definition:Loss occurrence | occurrence]], and the total is applied against the treaty's [[Definition:Retention | retention]] and [[Definition:Reinsurance limit | limit]]. Losses falling outside the window are either absorbed by the cedent or treated as a separate occurrence subject to a fresh retention.

📊 Precision in drafting and applying the hours clause can mean the difference between a fully recoverable catastrophe loss and a significant net retention for the ceding insurer. During multi-day events — particularly slow-moving hurricanes or earthquake sequences with major aftershocks — the length of the window directly influences how much of the aggregate damage qualifies for [[Definition:Treaty reinsurance | treaty]] protection. Reinsurers scrutinize hours-clause language carefully during negotiations, and disputes over its application have driven notable [[Definition:Arbitration | arbitration]] proceedings. For [[Definition:Underwriter | underwriters]] and [[Definition:Actuary | actuaries]] modeling catastrophe exposures, understanding the interplay between the hours clause and [[Definition:Probable maximum loss (PML) | probable maximum loss]] estimates is essential to accurate [[Definition:Reinsurance pricing | reinsurance pricing]].

'''Related concepts'''
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Definition:Catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance]]
* [[Definition:Loss occurrence]]
* [[Definition:Event definition]]
* [[Definition:Retention]]
* [[Definition:Aggregation]]
* [[Definition:Catastrophe bond (cat bond)]]
{{Div col end}}

Definition:Hours clause - Revision history

PlumBot: Bot: Creating new article from JSON