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🟢 '''High availability (HA)''' describes a system design philosophy and set of engineering practices aimed at ensuring that critical technology services remain operational and accessible for an exceptionally high percentage of time, typically measured against targets like 99.9% ("three nines") or 99.99% ("four nines") uptime. In the insurance industry, where [[Definition:Policy administration system (PAS) | policy administration]], [[Definition:Claims | claims]] processing, [[Definition:Digital distribution | digital distribution]] platforms, and [[Definition:Reinsurance | reinsurance]] transaction systems must serve [[Definition:Policyholder | policyholders]], [[Definition:Broker | brokers]], and business partners around the clock, HA is not a luxury but an operational imperative. An insurer whose quoting engine is unavailable during peak trading hours, or whose claims portal goes dark in the aftermath of a major [[Definition:Catastrophe (CAT) | catastrophe event]], faces direct premium leakage, regulatory scrutiny, and reputational harm.

⚙️ Achieving high availability requires eliminating single points of failure across every layer of the technology stack. This involves deploying redundant servers, databases, network paths, and storage systems so that the failure of any individual component does not interrupt service. [[Definition:Failover | Failover]] mechanisms — whether active-active, where multiple nodes simultaneously serve traffic, or active-passive, where a standby node takes over when the primary fails — are fundamental building blocks. In modern insurance technology environments, HA architectures increasingly leverage [[Definition:Cloud computing | cloud]] services that distribute workloads across multiple availability zones within a region, or even across regions, providing resilience against localized outages. [[Definition:Insurtech | Insurtech]] firms building on cloud-native platforms often achieve HA by design through [[Definition:Microservices | microservices]] architectures, containerization, and automated scaling, while legacy [[Definition:Insurance carrier | carriers]] may rely on more traditional clustered server environments and dedicated [[Definition:Disaster recovery (DR) | disaster recovery]] sites.

📊 Regulators worldwide have sharpened their focus on technology resilience in the insurance sector, making HA a governance topic as much as a technical one. The European Union's Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA), the UK Prudential Regulation Authority's operational resilience framework, and supervisory guidance from the Monetary Authority of Singapore all expect insurers to identify their important business services, set impact tolerances for disruption, and demonstrate — through testing — that their technology can meet those tolerances. Internally, HA commitments are often formalized in service-level agreements between an insurer's IT function and its business units, with defined uptime targets for each [[Definition:Core system | core system]]. The cost of achieving progressively higher availability levels rises steeply — moving from 99.9% to 99.99% can require significant additional investment in redundancy and automation — which means insurers must make risk-informed decisions about where to invest, balancing the cost of resilience against the financial and regulatory cost of downtime.

'''Related concepts:'''
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Definition:Failover]]
* [[Definition:Disaster recovery (DR)]]
* [[Definition:Operational resilience]]
* [[Definition:Cloud computing]]
* [[Definition:Business continuity planning (BCP)]]
* [[Definition:Service-level agreement (SLA)]]
{{Div col end}}

Definition:High availability (HA) - Revision history

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