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👻 '''Ghost broking''' is a form of insurance fraud in which an individual or organized group sells fake, falsified, or improperly obtained [[Definition:Insurance policy | insurance policies]] to unsuspecting consumers, who believe they have purchased legitimate [[Definition:Insurance coverage | coverage]] but in reality hold worthless or void documents. The fraud typically exploits buyers seeking low-cost [[Definition:Motor insurance | motor insurance]], though it has appeared across [[Definition:Travel insurance | travel]], [[Definition:Health insurance | health]], and other personal lines. Ghost brokers are not authorized [[Definition:Insurance intermediary | intermediaries]] — they operate outside the regulated distribution chain, often leveraging social media, messaging platforms, and community networks to reach price-sensitive consumers.

🕵️ Ghost broking schemes generally follow one of several patterns. The fraudster may fabricate an entirely fictitious policy document, complete with forged [[Definition:Certificate of insurance | certificates of insurance]] and invented policy numbers that will fail if ever checked against an insurer's records. Alternatively, the ghost broker may purchase a real policy from a legitimate insurer using false information — such as a fake address, incorrect vehicle details, or a misrepresented claims history — to obtain a lower [[Definition:Premium | premium]], then resell it at a markup while pocketing the difference. In some cases, the ghost broker buys a genuine policy and then cancels it shortly after providing the documentation to the buyer, collecting the [[Definition:Refund | refund]] while leaving the consumer uninsured. Victims typically discover the fraud only when they attempt to file a [[Definition:Claim | claim]] or are stopped by authorities and found to have no valid coverage, resulting in personal financial liability, vehicle seizure, or criminal penalties for driving uninsured.

🛡️ The scale of ghost broking has grown significantly with the expansion of digital distribution channels, making it a priority enforcement issue for regulators and industry bodies. In the United Kingdom, the [[Definition:Insurance Fraud Bureau (IFB) | Insurance Fraud Bureau]] and the [[Definition:Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) | Financial Conduct Authority]] have run sustained campaigns to identify and prosecute ghost brokers, while insurers invest in data analytics to flag policies obtained with suspicious application patterns. Across markets from Europe to Southeast Asia, ghost broking undermines public trust in the insurance system and inflates costs for legitimate policyholders through undetected [[Definition:Insurance fraud | fraud]] leakage. Insurers, [[Definition:Insurance broker | brokers]], and regulators increasingly collaborate on consumer education, digital verification tools, and real-time policy validation systems to combat this growing threat.

'''Related concepts:'''
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Definition:Insurance fraud]]
* [[Definition:Motor insurance]]
* [[Definition:Insurance intermediary]]
* [[Definition:Certificate of insurance]]
* [[Definition:Insurance regulation]]
* [[Definition:Insurance Fraud Bureau (IFB)]]
{{Div col end}}

Definition:Ghost broking - Revision history

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