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🏛️ '''Fronting''' is an arrangement in which a licensed [[Definition:Insurance carrier | insurance carrier]] — the fronting insurer — issues [[Definition:Insurance policy | policies]] on behalf of another entity that bears most or all of the actual underwriting risk but lacks the necessary licenses, [[Definition:Admitted insurer | admitted status]], or market access to write the business directly. The fronting carrier's name appears on the policy, satisfying regulatory and contractual requirements, while the economic risk transfers to the entity behind the arrangement, typically through [[Definition:Reinsurance | reinsurance]] agreements such as a 100% [[Definition:Quota share reinsurance | quota share]] cession.

🔄 The mechanism usually works as follows: the fronting carrier issues the policy and files rates with state regulators as if it were writing the business itself. Simultaneously, it cedes substantially all [[Definition:Premium | premium]] and [[Definition:Loss | loss]] obligations to the risk-bearing party — which may be a [[Definition:Captive insurance company | captive insurer]], a [[Definition:Managing general agent (MGA) | managing general agent]] backed by capacity from a non-admitted [[Definition:Reinsurer | reinsurer]], or a large corporate self-insurance program. The fronting carrier retains a [[Definition:Fronting fee | fronting fee]] (often called a ceding commission) for lending its licenses and paper, and it remains the insurer of record, meaning it is ultimately responsible to [[Definition:Policyholder | policyholders]] and regulators if the risk-bearer defaults. Collateral requirements — letters of credit, trust accounts, or funds-withheld arrangements — protect the fronting carrier against this [[Definition:Credit risk | credit risk]].

⚠️ Regulators scrutinize fronting arrangements carefully because the fronting insurer's balance sheet is on the hook regardless of the reinsurance behind it. If the risk-bearing entity becomes insolvent, the fronting carrier must still pay claims. This regulatory exposure means fronting carriers impose rigorous [[Definition:Underwriting guidelines | underwriting guidelines]], [[Definition:Bordereaux | bordereaux]] reporting requirements, and audit rights on their partners. Despite these complexities, fronting has become a cornerstone of the modern [[Definition:Insurtech | insurtech]] ecosystem, enabling technology-driven MGAs to launch products quickly by leveraging an established carrier's licenses and ratings rather than spending years building their own. The growth of dedicated fronting carriers — companies whose primary business model is providing this service — underscores how embedded fronting has become in insurance distribution.

'''Related concepts'''
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Definition:Fronting fee]]
* [[Definition:Quota share reinsurance]]
* [[Definition:Admitted insurer]]
* [[Definition:Captive insurance company]]
* [[Definition:Managing general agent (MGA)]]
* [[Definition:Reinsurance]]
{{Div col end}}

Definition:Fronting - Revision history

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