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🛡️ '''Commercial general liability insurance (CGL)''' is one of the foundational [[Definition:Coverage | coverages]] in [[Definition:Commercial insurance | commercial insurance]], protecting businesses against [[Definition:Claim | claims]] of [[Definition:Bodily injury | bodily injury]], [[Definition:Property damage | property damage]], and [[Definition:Personal and advertising injury | personal and advertising injury]] caused by the insured's operations, products, or premises. Nearly every business that interacts with customers, vendors, or the public needs some form of CGL coverage, making it among the most widely purchased [[Definition:Commercial lines | commercial lines]] products. The standard CGL form, developed and maintained by the [[Definition:Insurance Services Office (ISO) | Insurance Services Office (ISO)]], serves as the backbone for most policies issued in the United States, though carriers frequently attach [[Definition:Endorsement | endorsements]] to modify terms.

📋 A CGL policy is typically structured around two main [[Definition:Coverage form | coverage forms]]: Coverage A addresses bodily injury and property damage liability arising from an [[Definition:Occurrence | occurrence]], while Coverage B handles personal and advertising injury claims such as [[Definition:Defamation | defamation]], wrongful eviction, or copyright infringement in advertising. Coverage C provides [[Definition:Medical payments | medical payments]] coverage regardless of fault for minor injuries on the insured's premises. Policies carry both per-occurrence and [[Definition:Aggregate limit | aggregate limits]], and most are written on an occurrence basis, though [[Definition:Claims-made policy | claims-made]] forms exist in certain market segments. [[Definition:Underwriter | Underwriters]] evaluate the insured's industry classification, revenue, payroll, square footage, and claims history to determine pricing, often referencing ISO classification codes and [[Definition:Experience modification factor | experience modification factors]].

🔑 Because CGL serves as the primary shield against third-party liability, it often functions as a prerequisite for doing business — landlords, general contractors, and government agencies routinely require proof of CGL coverage before entering into leases or contracts. The policy's broad scope, however, comes with important limitations: it typically excludes [[Definition:Professional liability | professional liability]], [[Definition:Pollution liability | pollution]], [[Definition:Cyber liability | cyber-related]] losses, and intentional acts, each of which demands its own specialized product. For [[Definition:Insurance broker | brokers]] assembling a comprehensive program, the CGL policy is the starting point around which [[Definition:Excess liability | excess]], [[Definition:Umbrella insurance | umbrella]], and specialty layers are built, making a thorough understanding of its terms and exclusions indispensable.

'''Related concepts'''
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Definition:Commercial insurance]]
* [[Definition:Occurrence]]
* [[Definition:Umbrella insurance]]
* [[Definition:Products liability insurance]]
* [[Definition:Premises liability]]
* [[Definition:Insurance Services Office (ISO)]]
{{Div col end}}

Definition:Commercial general liability insurance (CGL) - Revision history

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