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🛡️ '''Commercial general liability (CGL) insurance''' is the foundational [[Definition:Liability insurance | liability insurance]] product purchased by businesses of virtually every size and industry to protect against [[Definition:Claim | claims]] alleging [[Definition:Bodily injury | bodily injury]], [[Definition:Property damage | property damage]], or [[Definition:Personal and advertising injury | personal and advertising injury]] caused by the insured's operations, products, or premises. Built on the standardized [[Definition:Commercial general liability (CGL) | CGL]] coverage form published by the [[Definition:Insurance Services Office (ISO) | ISO]], the product represents the single largest segment of [[Definition:Commercial lines | commercial]] [[Definition:Casualty insurance | casualty]] [[Definition:Written premium | written premium]] in the United States. It is frequently required by contracts, leases, and government regulations before a business can operate or bid on work.

⚙️ Purchasing CGL insurance begins with a submission — typically routed through an [[Definition:Insurance broker | insurance broker]] or [[Definition:Insurance agent | agent]] — that details the applicant's operations, revenue, location, loss history, and contractual obligations. The [[Definition:Underwriter | underwriter]] evaluates these factors against [[Definition:Rating | rating]] algorithms and class-specific [[Definition:Loss ratio | loss experience]] to determine the [[Definition:Premium | premium]] and any coverage modifications, such as additional [[Definition:Endorsement | endorsements]] for [[Definition:Liquor liability insurance | liquor liability]] or [[Definition:Hired and non-owned auto coverage | hired-and-non-owned auto]]. Policies are typically issued with a per-[[Definition:Occurrence | occurrence]] limit and a [[Definition:General aggregate limit | general aggregate limit]], and the insured can layer additional capacity through an [[Definition:Umbrella insurance | umbrella]] or [[Definition:Excess insurance | excess liability]] policy that sits above the CGL. Claims trigger the carrier's [[Definition:Duty to defend | duty to defend]] and [[Definition:Duty to indemnify | duty to indemnify]], making defense-cost management a major component of the product's overall [[Definition:Loss cost | loss cost]].

📊 Because CGL insurance touches nearly every commercial account, it is a critical entry point for [[Definition:Insurtech | insurtech]] innovation. Digital platforms that streamline small-business CGL quoting — pulling data from public records, [[Definition:Third-party data | third-party data providers]], and prior [[Definition:Bordereaux | bordereaux]] — can compress a process that once took days into minutes. At the same time, the product's long-tail exposure profile, where claims from today's operations may not surface for years, demands disciplined [[Definition:Loss reserves | reserving]] and actuarial rigor. Carriers that write CGL insurance must continually track judicial trends, [[Definition:Social inflation | social inflation]], and evolving [[Definition:Tort reform | tort]] environments to keep [[Definition:Pricing | pricing]] aligned with true risk, making it as much a legal and data challenge as a pure underwriting one.

'''Related concepts'''
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Definition:Commercial general liability (CGL)]]
* [[Definition:Liability insurance]]
* [[Definition:Umbrella insurance]]
* [[Definition:Excess insurance]]
* [[Definition:Social inflation]]
* [[Definition:Duty to defend]]
{{Div col end}}

Definition:Commercial general liability (CGL) insurance - Revision history

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